Quantum Computing: Programming Languages and Frameworks

Quantum Software Development Kits (SDKs)

Qiskit (IBM)

Qiskit is an open source SDK for working with quantum computers at the level of pulses, circuits and application modules.

• Qiskit Homepage
• Qiskit Online Textbook
• Qiskit GitHub Repository

Cirq (Google)

Cirq is an open source Python software library for writing, manipulating, and optimizing quantum circuits, and then running them on quantum computers and quantum simulators.

• Cirq Homepage
• Cirq GitHub Repository

Forest (Rigetti)

• Forest Software Development Kit
• Quil Programming Language
• Quil-T Pulse Programming Language
• PyQuil Python Library
• Quilc compiler
• QVM virtual machine

Strawberry Fields (Xanadu)

A cross-platform Python library for simulating and executing programs on quantum photonic hardware.

• Strawberry Fields Homepage

Pennylane (Xanadu)

A cross-platform Python library for differentiable programming of quantum computers. Train a quantum computer the same way as a neural network.

• Pennylane Product Page
• Pennylane Homepage

Ocean (D-Wave)

Ocean software is a suite of tools D-Wave Systems provides on the D-Wave GitHub repository for solving hard problems with quantum computers.

• Ocean Documentation
• D-Wave Software
• D-Wave GitHub Repository

ProjectQ (ETH Zurich)

ProjectQ is an open-source software framework for quantum computing started at ETH Zurich. It allows users to implement their quantum programs in Python using a powerful and intuitive syntax. ProjectQ can then translate these programs to any type of back-end, be it a simulator run on a classical computer or an actual quantum chip.

• ProjectQ Homepage

t|ket>

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Quantum Development Kit

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Quantum Instruction Sets

cQASM

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Quil

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OpenQASM

OpenQASM is an imperative programming language designed for near-term quantum computing algorithms and applications. Quantum programs are described using the measurement-based quantum circuit model with support for classical feed-forward flow control based on measurement outcomes.

• OpenQASM Documentation
• OpenQASM GitHub Repository

Blackbird

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Quantum Programming Languages

Q# (Microsoft)

Q# is Microsoft’s open-source programming language for developing and running quantum algorithms. It’s part of the Quantum Development Kit (QDK), which includes Q# libraries, quantum simulators, extensions for other programming environments, and API documentation. In addition to the Standard Q# library, the QDK includes Chemistry, Machine Learning, and Numeric libraries.

• Q# Documentation

QASM

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• D-Wave

Silq (ETH Zurich)

Silq is a high-level programming language for quantum computing with a strong static type system, developed at ETH Zürich.

• Silq Homepage

QCL

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Q|SI>

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Q Language

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qGCL

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Scaffold

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QFC and QPL

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QML

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LIQUi|>

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Quantum Lambda Calculi

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Quipper

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Yao

A General Purpose Quantum Computation Simulation Framework

• Yao Homepage